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Neuroscience is playing an increasingly important role in both tinnitus research and tinnitus therapy. In recent years, it has become clear that both the peripheral auditory system and the "central" auditory cortex in the brain, as well as other brain areas, contribute significantly to the development and chronification of tinnitus (Elgoyhen et al., 2015). Neuromodulation attempts to specifically address the brain areas involved and to influence their activity by means of appropriate stimulation. The term neuromodulation can be broadly defined to include all aspects of our behaviour and experience that have an impact on the brain and bring about corresponding changes over time. From this perspective, one can therefore not only mention the methods of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electrical stimulation (TES, a collective term for all electrical stimulation of the brain on the skull), which are well established in the neurosciences, but also acoustic stimulation or even exotic concepts such as acupuncture.
